• CBin – converts a decimal integer to binary string.
• CDeci – converts a binary string to decimal integer.
• CBinS16 – converts a decimal signed integer to 16 bit binary string.
• CdecS16 – converts a 16 bit binary string to decimal signed integer.

'converts an integer to binary string
Function CBin(ByVal n As Double) As String
    On Error Resume Next 'caters for 0 values
    Dim i As Double
    i = 2 ^ Int(Log(n) / Log(2))
    Do While i >= 1
        CBin = CBin & Fix(n / i)
        n = n - i * Fix(n / i)
        i = i / 2
    Loop
End Function

'converts a binary string to integer
Function CDeci(ByRef s As String) As Double
    Dim i As Long
    CDeci = 0
    For i = 0 To Len(s) - 1
        CDeci = CDeci + (Mid$(s, Len(s) - i, 1) * 2 ^ i)
    Next i
End Function

'converts an integer to 16 bit signed binary string
Function CBinS16(ByVal n As Double) As String
    Dim i As Double

    CBinS16 = vbNullString
    If n < -2 ^ 15 Then
        CBinS16 = "0"
        n = n + 2 ^ 16
        i = 2 ^ 14
    ElseIf n < 0 Then
        CBinS16 = "1"
        n = n + 2 ^ 15
        i = 2 ^ 14
    Else 'not negative
        i = 2 ^ 15
    End If

    Do While i >= 1
        CBinS16 = CBinS16 & Fix(n / i)
        n = n - i * Fix(n / i)
        i = i / 2
    Loop
End Function

'converts 16 bit signed binary string to integer
Function CDecS16(ByRef s As String) As Double
    Dim i As Long
    CDecS16 = 0
    For i = 0 To Len(s) - 1
        CDecS16 = CDecS16 + (Mid$(s, Len(s) - i, 1) * 2 ^ i)
    Next i
    If CDecS16 >= 2 ^ 15 Then 'negative number
        CDecS16 = CDecS16 - 2 ^ 16
    End If
End Function

Lets say we want to perform the following concatenation:

Dim i As Long
Dim s As String
For i = 1 To 100000000
	s = "A" & i & "B"
Next i

This takes approximately 6000 ticks. The faster approach, yet more complex functionality would be as follows:

Dim sourceLength As Long
sourceLength = 1
Dim source As String
s = "A B"

Dim i As Long
Dim s As String
For i = 1 To 100000000
	source = CStr(i)
	If Len(source) > sourceLength Then
		sourceLength = Len(source)
		s = "A" & Space$(sourceLength) & "B"
	End If
	Mid$(s, 2, sourceLength) = source
Next i

Which takes approximately 3700 ticks, a saving of nearly 40%.